如何不带抄袭率地正确引用？10个举例分析为你讲透！

easygpaser
Aug 21, 2019
14 min read

*检查出有措辞不当之处，特删除后修改后重发，还请大家见谅，下面是修改后的正文了~

没错

我们今天就是要说到

让无数人恨得要死

为了降重改的哭天喊地的

“Paraphrase”

毕竟

引用不是打两个引号复制粘贴就能凑字数完事

无论国内外，都有查重率这个大敌在等着你

想要引用别人的论点论据

就少不了

需要用自己的语言进行整理

不然就是在“抄袭”！

这在学术论文是绝对零容忍的！

一定要注意！

可是

想想Turnitin上红红的一大片

是不是对这个如何

用不重复的语言表达出同样的内涵

这种高难度的操作

咬牙切齿？

尤其，掐指一算

目前为毕业论文想办法改改改的同学

八成正在为此发愁

把一段话重新表述，看上去简单做起来难

尤其又不能漏过重要信息

复述这个活，不是那么好干

怎么复述

依旧是有要点和技巧的

也就是想要尽可能的降低抄袭率还是有套路滴

这次我们就结合10个例子

一起来看看如何正确的进行改写降重

事先说明

案例较多内容相对枯燥，可能耗时15分钟

但，仅花15分钟就可以掌握正确的改写技巧

是不是很划算呢？

新生老手都可以看看学学哦~

那么现在，开始正文！

Paraphrase的基本要点

1、引用并不是仅仅改变几个单词，或者调整一下顺序就是了。

这里有一个必要的前提，就是用“自己的话”表述！

用自己的话，就难免带上自己的文章的“理解”。毕竟“引用”“引用”就是引别人的东西化为己用。没有这个化为己用的过程，就是难免就会显得“消化不良”。

如果文章里东一句西一句，每个引用都带着别的作者的文风，文章就会变成一篇“懒婆娘的裹脚布——又臭又长”，当然重复率也会是一片通红。

2、其次，paraphrase和summary还是有差别的。

paraphrase和summary确实是比较像，因为都是在用自己的话去描述一个resource的内容。

但是，实质上，差之毫厘却谬之千里。

paraphrase也可以说是rewording， rephrasing， rewriting， rendition，必须把引用的resource的关键要点和主要论点都囊括，通常paraphrase会包含详细的信息，在长度上经常会跟引用的source段落一样长，甚至更长。

summary可能就只会摘要文章的简单概括，三言两语总结清楚就可以，所以会比原来的source短很多。

无论是哪一种，都要做到：不曲解原意，客观严谨地表达。You can’t leave out words or add words to make the source fit into your paper if it changes the meaning.

3、还有一个写作时候的小建议，如果需要引用文献，一定要在自己理解的基础上进行引用，知其意而用之。

如果你并不理解文意，只是为了“引用”而“引用”，很容易闹出笑话来。

4、下一步是在你要引用的source里面找到合适的需要引用的段落

因为你不可以rewrite全篇的文献（不然就是全篇抄袭了），而且通常来说，一次也不要引用超过一个段落以上的内容。

5、最后，引用完了自己再仔细读一下自己的文章，读不读得通

有可能技术水平不过关引用完了自己都看不懂了，万一读不通，可要注意及时修改。

有时候看的文献多了，隔几天再检查的时候都会忘记，“天呐，我还引用过这个文献吗？”

下面来看具体例子啦：

举例1

“Police: Man breaks into Austin meat business, naps”

注意按照规定的Reference格式要求注明引用来源：

举例

原文：

“AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — Police have arrested a 28-year-old man who they say broke into an Austin business, stole a couple of sausages and fell asleep.”

“德克萨斯州，奥斯汀市（美联社） – 警方逮捕了一名28岁的男子，这名男子闯入奥斯汀市的一家店，偷了几根香肠，然后竟然睡着了。”

错误示例：

A 28-year-old man in Austin, Texas didn’t break into a business and run, like most criminals. Instead, he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business.

没有注明参考来源。

正确示范：

A 28 year old man in Austin, Texas didn’t break into a business and run, like most criminals. Instead, he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business (“Police: Man breaks into Austin meat business, sleeps”).

德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一名28岁男子并没有像大多数罪犯那样犯案后就逃跑。相反，他只偷了几根香肠，而且竟然在作案现场睡了（“警察：男子闯入奥斯汀肉店后，睡了”）。

这段引用是按照MLA 引用格式。

ps:这个只是简单的新闻语音，只是为了大家方便理解，学术语言的表达有时候更需要paraphrase的技术含量，大家今后可要多多练习。

举例2

“Police: Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”

不要照着原句改动几个单词了事，Paraphrase不是原句照搬。

举例

原文：

“VINELAND, N.J. (AP) — Police in New Jersey say a man told officers he fled the scene of an auto accident because he ‘didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him.’”

“新泽西州VINELAND（美联社） – 新泽西警方称，一名男子告诉警员，他逃离了车祸现场，因为”女友一直吵闹他不知道该怎么办。“

错误示例：

New Jersey police state a man said he left the scene of a car accident because he didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him (“Police: Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).

这个引用基本就是在原文的基础上改了几个单词，把say改成state，但是大多数单词和句子结构都太接近原文了。

正确示范：

A man in New Jersey seemed to think leaving the scene of a car crash and being arrested was a better option than listening to his girlfriend yell. He told the police he fled because he didn’t want to listen to her yell at him (“Police: Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).

新泽西州的一名男子似乎认为只要不被女友叫喊纠缠就算肇事逃逸被捕也是更好的选择。他告诉警方，他逃离是因为他不想听女友一直喊叫（“警察：男子为逃避喊叫的女友而选择肇事逃逸”）

举例3

Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves

有时候甚至有必要在原文基础上进行延伸。记住不能遗漏关键要点和细节。

举例

原文：

“The video of Topen’s dancing has racked up more than 400,000 views since it was posted on YouTube last week, and the plumber says he’s already been approached in public for his autograph.”

“自从上周在YouTube发布视频后，Topen的舞蹈视频已播放超过40万次，这名水管工表示公众场合已经有人找他要签名了。”

错误示例：

The video has racked up more than 400,000 views since posted on YouTube last week, and the plumber has even been approached for his autograph.

没有引用参考文献，和原句措辞结构上都太相似。

正确示范：

Even though the YouTube video of the dancing plumber was only posted last week, it has already had more than 400,000 views. Topen has become an almost instant celebrity as strangers have even asked him for autographs (“Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves”).

尽管水管工的YouTube舞蹈视频上周才发布，但它已经有超过40万的观看次数。Topen几乎一夜成名，因为甚至有陌生人找他签名（“管道工被抓拍到在工作中跳各种舞蹈动作”）。

举例4

These Are Miley Cyrus’ Crazy Dating Rules

转述不是乱说也不是摘要，必须不偏离原意，同时也不要遗漏任何关键。

举例

原文：

“According to Heat magazine, Miley has a list of intense rules for her men-to-be while out on dates. Apparently her assistant arranges what the guy must wear, do, and talk about on the date. She’s also not into flowers, so he’s banned from bringing her those.”

“据” 热火 “杂志报道，麦莉在约会时列出了一系列关于她的男朋友要遵守的详细细则。显然，她的助手会安排这个家伙必须穿什么，做什么，并在约会时谈论什么。她也不喜欢花，所以她男票也被禁止带花给她。“

错误示例：

According to Heat magazine, Miley Cyrus has a list of rules for her men on dates. Her assistant arranges what guys wear and what they talk about. She doesn’t like flowers, either (“These Are Miley Cyrus’ Crazy Dating Rules”).

这甚至算不上意译。它遗漏了几个关键字。请记住， paraphrase必须提供与原文相同的信息，并且一定要用自己的话表述。

正确示范：

As stated in Heat magazine, Miley Cyrus has a number of bizarre rules for dating. She’s so specific about what her dates wear, say, and do, that she has her assistant enforce these rules on dates. Cyrus doesn’t even like flowers and won’t let her dates buy them for her (“These Are Miley Cyrus’ Crazy Dating Rules”).

正如《热火》杂志所述，米莉·赛勒斯有许多奇怪的约会规则。她对约会对象穿什么、说什么、做什么都很明确的要求，以至于让她的助手在约会时执行这些规则。赛勒斯甚至不喜欢花，也不让她的约会对象为她买花（“这是麦莉赛勒斯疯狂的约会规则”）。

举例5

Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents

注意细节，Paraphrase不是摘要，要客观的进行复述，包括细节！

举例

原文：

“Often, a dog will chase an animal with the focus of a heat-seeking missile. But a wheelbarrow planter was not part of Belgian sheepdog Rider’s focus. Rider collided with the wheelbarrow while the squirrel escaped up a cedar tree in Joyce Biethan’s backyard.

“He’s kind of an all-or-nothing dog and he went into ‘all,’” Biethan said. “He chased after that squirrel with total disregard of what might be in front of him.”

His collision left Rider with a broken scapula, a broken rib and a punctured lung.

“He was in so much pain that I think he just tried to lay low,” Biethan said. “He prescribed himself bedrest.”

Biethan said Rider did not need surgery and made a full recovery.”

错误示例：

A dog named Rider ran into a wheelbarrow but didn’t need surgery (“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).

Can you guess what’s missing from this paraphrase? Details!

The example does paraphrase some information, but it reads more like a summary, as it’s missing key details from the story.

这更像是摘要而不是 paraphrase，因为缺少关键细节。

正确示范：

Like many dogs, a Belgian sheepdog named Rider became so focused on chasing down a squirrel that he paid no attention to the wheelbarrow directly in front of him. The squirrel got away, but Rider collided head on with the wheelbarrow. Rider broke his scapula, broke a rib, and also punctured a lung. Though he was likely in a lot of pain, he only needed rest. He did not have to have surgery” (“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).

像许多狗一样，一只名叫 Rider的比利时牧羊犬变得如此专注于追捕一只松鼠，以至于他没有注意到在他前面的独轮车。松鼠逃走了，但 Rider与手推车正面相撞。Rider的肩胛骨骨折，肋骨骨折，肺部也被刺穿。虽然它可能很痛苦，但 Rider只需要休息，不必动手术。（” 12个奇怪的宠物事故“）

举例6

10 Crazy Reasons People Got Rejected From College

一定要读懂原文再进行Paraphrase，不要曲解原意。

举例

原文：

“College admissions officers all advise against writing a college admission essay about something that an applicant learned while stoned or drunk. “But we still get a few of those essays,” a college admissions officer tells me. “We even got the classic one about how the student, while stoned, realized that the solar system is an atom and the earth is an electron. You’ll remember, that conversation occurred in the movie Animal House.”

大学招生官都建议申请者不要在申请论文里写一些自己在喝酒时或者扔石头时学到的东西。一位大学招生官告诉我：“但我们仍然收到一些这样的文章。”“我们甚至得到了一个经典的例子，这个学生写他在被石头砸到的时候，是如何认识到太阳系是一个原子，地球是一个电子的。你记得的话，同样的场景还发生在电影《动物之家》里。”

错误示例：

A college admissions officer told the story of a student who didn’t get into college because he wrote an admission essay about the movie Animal House (“10 Crazy Reasons People Got Rejected From College”).

一名大学招生官员讲述了一名没能被大学录取的学生的故事，因为这个学生写了一篇关于电影《动物之家》的申请文书。

这和原文的所表达的意思就相差太远了，原文里表达的意思是大学招生官不建议学生在申请信里编故事。

正确示范：

College admissions officers generally tell students not to write their admissions essays about a lesson they learned when being stoned or drunk; however, some students still ignore the advice. For instance, one student wrote about the conversation in Animal House, as if it were his own stoned experience, about the solar system as an atom and the earth as an election (“10 Crazy Reasons People Got Rejected From College”).

大学招生官一般都会告诉学生不要这样写申请信，描写一些他们在被扔石头或喝醉酒时所学到的教训；然而，一些学生仍然忽略了这些建议。例如，一个学生抄袭了《动物之家》中关于太阳系作为原子和地球作为电子的场景，就好像这是他自己被石头砸到的经历一样（“人们被大学拒绝的10个疯狂原因”）

举例7

Over-the-top international fast-food items

注意表达逻辑，并不是转换句子前后顺序，就是用自己的话表述哦。

举例

原文：

“For some reason, cheese-topped donuts are quite popular in Indonesia, and in September 2013 KFC decided to get in on the action, offering a glazed donut topped with shredded Swiss and cheddar cheese.”

“出于某种原因，奶酪甜甜圈在印度尼西亚非常受欢迎，2013年9月，肯德基决定采取行动，提供一个上面铺有切碎的乳酪和切达干酪的甜甜圈。”

错误示例：

Cheese-topped donuts are popular in Indonesia. In September 2013, KFC decided to offer a glazed donut topped with shredded Swiss and cheddar cheese (“Over the top international fast-food items”).

这是彻头彻尾的抄袭。这根本不是一个意译; 它简单地省略了几个字。

即使它包含适当的MLA文本引用，但这并不是用自己的话的重新表述。

正确示范：

In 2013, a KFC in Indonesia began selling shredded Swiss and cheddar cheese topped glazed donuts, a treat that is popular in this Asian country. (“Over the top international fast-food items”).

2013年，印度尼西亚的肯德基开始销售乳酪和切达奶酪甜甜圈，这种饮食在这个亚洲国家很受欢迎。（“超过顶级国际快餐食品”）。

举例8

Original Batmobile, built in 1963, fetches $137,000

仔细阅读，有些原文可能句子较长，不仔细阅读可能会理解错误。

举例

原文：

“DALLAS (Reuters) – Holy Bargain, Batman! The original Batmobile fetched $137,000 at auction on Saturday, a small fraction of the $4.2 million that a buyer paid last year for another version built for the television show that aired during the 1960s.”

达拉斯（路透社）–上帝保佑，蝙蝠侠！上周六，原版的蝙蝠车在拍卖会上成交13.7万美元，仅为去年另一位买家购买的1960年代另一个电视节目版本的蝙蝠车所花的420万美元的中的零头不到。

错误示例：

The Batmobile built for the Batman show during the 1960’s sold for $137,000 at auction” (“Original Batmobile, built in 1963, fetches $137,000”).

“为1960年代蝙蝠侠表演而建造的蝙蝠车在拍卖会上售价为137,000美元””原始蝙蝠车，建于1963年，售价137,000美元“）。

这就完全错误了，为1960年代电视节目制作的蝙蝠车实际售价为420万美元。

正确示范：

The original Batmobile only sold for $137,000 at auction, but the Batmobile built for the 1960’s TVs show sold for $4.2 million the year before (“Original Batmobile, built in 1963, fetches $137,000”).

最初的Batmobile仅在拍卖会上以137,000美元的价格成交，但为1960年代电视节目制作的Batmobile在前一年以420万美元的价格成交（“原装蝙蝠车，1963年制造，售价137,000美元”）。

举例9

Police: Man Swapped furniture while neighbors away

不要简单概括了事，有时候说得越少，反而重复率越高。

如果是故事采访性的内容，可以通过客观的第三方描述口吻来避免抄袭。

举例

原文：

“TACOMA, Wash. (AP) — A Washington state man is accused of swapping furniture with his neighbors while they were away.

“The News Tribune reports the Lakewood man and a friend who is accused of helping him pleaded not guilty Wednesday to charges of residential burglary.

“Court papers say a couple who returned to their apartment Monday found their love seat, matching chair and other belongings gone. A recliner and TV stand were left in their place.

Information on a traffic ticket and pizza receipt pointed to the neighbor.

“The man told police he thought the couple had moved and abandoned their furniture. Police say he told them he was drunk when he decided to switch furniture, calling his buddy for help.”

“华盛顿州塔科马（美联社） – 一名华盛顿州男子被指控在邻居外出时与他们交换家具。

据《新闻论坛报》报道，星期三，这名被指控入室盗窃罪的莱克伍德男子和同样被指控的帮助他的朋友，并不认罪。

法院文件说，周一回到公寓的一对夫妇发现他们的爱座、配套的椅子和其他物品不见了。一个躺椅和一个电视台放在了他们原本的位置上。

交通罚单和披萨饼收据上的信息指向他们的邻居。

“这名男子告诉警方，他认为这对夫妇已经搬走并遗弃了家具。警方说，当他决定换家具时，他告诉警方，他喝醉了，并打电话给他的朋友寻求帮助。”

错误示例：

A man switched furniture with his neighbor.

能犯的错误都犯了，没有引用，没有详细内容，不能准确的概括信息，而且还和原句基本重复。

正确示范：

A man pleaded not guilty to residential burglary even though he switched furniture with his neighbors while they were away. He was drunk at the time and claimed he thought his neighbors had moved and abandoned their furniture (“Police: Man Swapped furniture while neighbors away”).

一名男子对入室盗窃不认罪，尽管他在邻居不在时与他们交换了家具。当时他喝醉了，声称他以为邻居搬走了，他们的家具不要了（“警察：邻居不在的时候，男人换了他们的家具”）。

举例10

Man Scares off Thieves with Gun on Walker

表达要清晰明确，不要犯含糊的错误，尤其当关键词比较多的时候，更要注意明确表达。简单的将一段话分拆为多段，而不加以理解，并不是算是用自己的话进行描述。

举例

原文：

“A 68-year-old Gastonia man says he scared off two men in ski masks trying to break in his home with his gun he can keep on his walker. And then he taped a note to his door saying if they try to break in his house again, he will be waiting on them.”

一位68岁的加斯托尼亚男子说，他放在助步车上的枪吓跑了两个试图闯入他的家戴着滑雪面罩的人。然后他在门上贴了一张便条，说如果他们再想闯进他的房子，他会等着他们的。

错误示例：

A 68-year-old man scared off two men trying to break into his home. He had a gun on his walker. He taped a note to his door to warn them. It said he would be waiting for them if they came back” (“Man Scares off Thieves with Gun on Walker”).

一名68岁的男子吓跑了两名试图闯入他家的男子。他的助步车上有一把枪。他在门上贴了一张便条，警告他们。如果他们回来的话，他会说他会等着他们（”男子用放在步行机上的枪吓走了盗贼“）

这段描述中，并没有指出是男子直接吓跑了盗贼还是放在步行机上的枪吓跑了盗贼。简单地将一个意译分成多个句子并不意味着你用自己的语言写出来。

正确示范：

Two men attempted to break into a 68-year-old man’s home; however, they were scared off by the gun the man kept on his walker. Afterwards, the man taped a note to the door warning that he’d be waiting for the burglars if they came back” (“Man Scares off Thieves with Gun on Walker”)

两名男子试图闯入一名68岁男子的家；然而，他们被那名男子放在助步车上的枪吓跑了。后来，男子在门上贴了一张便条，警告说如果窃贼回来，他会等他们回来的。”（”男子用放在助步车上的枪吓走了盗贼“）

最后总结

什么是好的Paraphrase？